olar energy systems are all the rage for RVers. While solar systems are nothing new, battery technology and an overwhelming desire to RV “off the grid” have pushed the segment into the mainstream in a significant way. Components are lighter, more efficient and more budget-friendly than ever, making it possible for just about anyone to camp off-grid without the benefit of a generator or power hookup.
Perhaps the single biggest factor that has allowed the technology to filter down into the smallest RVs is the lithium iron phosphate battery, or LiFePO4. These batteries are the current “gold standard” for a number of reasons:
- Half the weight of flooded lead-acid batteries (FLA);
- 98% usable capacity as rated (compared to FLA, which have 50% usable capacity as rated);
- Lasts much longer, making it less expensive over time even considering a higher initial purchase price;
- Up to 10 times the lifetime cycles of FLA and AGM batteries (3,000-5,000).
- LiFePO4 batteries can be mounted anywhere and in any orientation, as they are non-venting and have no liquid;
- LiFePO4 batteries will not freeze unless exposed to -4F for one month or more (LiFePO4 will not charge below freezing. Heated battery packs are available, as are add-on pack heaters).
What all those advantages add up to is a battery that allows more usable energy in a lighter package that smaller RVs can handle. With a wide array of solar charging options on the market, it’s much easier to stay off the grid for more extended periods of time.
Another factor that’s making solar more accessible is the availability of complete solutions from individual companies, instead of owners finding and building a system piecemeal. While ala-carte systems will always be the best way to create a custom system (see “Solar Flair” in this issue), it’s not always practical or necessary — especially when your needs are basic and you’re not trying to live 24/7/365 off the system.
We opted to use the “Weekender ISW” kit from Go Power!, a division of Valterra Products, for our 2005 Lance Lite 1025 rebuild project. What is neat about this system is that it’s pretty much complete, save for a few little odds and ends we decided to change during the install process. The most significant hardware changes we made were an inline MC-4 solar panel fuse on the roof and a battery switch, both of which we sourced from Amazon.com. Romex wiring is, of course, not included because the amount and gauge needed will vary with every install.
Included in the Weekender ISW System:
- Overlander 190-watt solar charging kit (OVERLANDER)
- 1500-watt pure sine wave inverter for AC power (GP-ISW1500-12)
- 30-amp dual-bank, Bluetooth PWM Solar Controller (GP-PWM-30-UL)**
- 30 amp pre-wired transfer switch (GP-TS-30)
- Inverter on/off remote (GP-ISW-R-12)
- DC Inverter Install Kit (GP-DC-KIT3)
- 1 x 2 feet of MC4 output cable (#10) red and 1 x 25 feet of MC4 output cable (#10) black and all mounting hardware (1 x GP-MH-4-KB)
The Weekender ISW was the perfect system for this project. First, consider that this is a small truck camper with 30-amp service, really only has room for a single battery as designed, and weight is a significant consideration. Second, it’s the easiest to wire in, providing a complete power solution for the entire RV. Third, the Weekender solar system is expandable to 570 watts should our needs increase. Fourth, the Lance has a new Cummins Onan QG 2500i LP inverter/generator on board, which will easily, quietly and efficiently handle occasions when more power is needed than the 1500-watt pure sine inverter can supply. Finally, almost everything is included in one palletized box. We added the MC-4 fuse, a master shut-off switch, and resized and re-terminated some battery cables. The Go Power! kit’s inverter cables are neatly terminated already, so if you can’t crimp your own, you’ll have to source pre-made battery cables of an appropriate size and length online. We’ve opted to create new ones, and we had everything needed to make new battery cables with heat-shrink-covered ends. Thanks, Harbor Freight!
As you might have guessed, we also decided to change the RV over to LiFePO4. There is more to this than just buying a battery, as the RV’s converter/charger must be lithium-compatible. So, we also purchased the Go Power! GPC smart battery converter/charger for this project, which was a direct (sort of) replacement for the 45-amp original-equipment converter. The GPC allows adjustment of the output with a multimeter to the exact specs provided by Battle Born. As it turned out, the replacement converter was physically larger than the OE converter, requiring the front bulkhead in the camper to be removed and the converter shelf “re-imagined” to fit the GPC.
While Go Power! identifies the 1500-watt inverter as an “industrial” model, it’s a relatively simple pure-sine inverter in its line, ranging from 700-3,000-watts. The kit also includes a dedicated remote control with a power switch, LED indicators for battery and output levels and indicators for troubleshooting. A confusing indicator on the panel, intended to show when the RV is hooked up to the “grid,” didn’t function, which caused some brief confusion while testing. As we learned, it doesn’t work with this model inverter but does with versions that have an integrated transfer switch instead of our external model.
The solar system, which includes pre-attached MC-4 connectors, was a blazingly simple installation — even a caveman could do it. Of course, because of our tight confines in the truck camper and trying to use resources and holes that already existed, we ended up having to do a little fabrication on the roof. But that worked out extraordinarily well.
The closet became the only spot in this camper we could install the inverter and transfer switch, which also became the best spot to install the wall-mount remote and solar charger. We determined there was space for wire behind the back wall of the closet, so we removed the paneling, which made the rest of the install much easier — we now had access from the upper control center area, the harness to the batteries and the harnesses to the genset transfer switch, and the main power center and bulkhead.
The outer wall of the closet made the best sense for the remote and solar charger, although the thinness of the wall required us to make further changes. We carefully removed the paneling inside the closet to install the remote and controller, only to find they were too thick for the wall. The decision was made to continue to install these components in this location and rip down more pine to double-frame the closet cabinet wall, so we could hide the wiring and reattach the paneling.
The result is a slightly smaller closet but designed to still function for clothes hangars and a shelf on the bottom to hold items out of harm’s way to the inverter. We installed a ventilation grate on the closet door, and there are openings in the back of the closet to aid in ventilation. We’ll monitor this closely and add more ventilation to the space as needed.
We looked at several options, including removing the battery box altogether and creating another cabinet, but it would have made little difference and added a lot of expense and fabrication — and the space for the batteries was not guaranteed (and we would have lost the under-sink storage). So, we opted to install only one, with the option of adding the second in the truck’s bed using a 6-gauge Battery Quick Connect Disconnect Wire Harness Plug Kit, cable, and a battery box.
We completely removed the wiring, switch and OE breaker from the battery box and installed the 250-amp fuse included with the Go Power! kit and a new battery master switch. These were fed inside, where we installed 5/16-inch terminal studs and brought all the inside wiring, including the RV feed, generator start cables and inverter cables, to a single point. The stock 40-amp self-resetting circuit breaker was re-used for the RV feed.
The inverter handles the 900-watt microwave adequately, but be prepared for what sounds like a jet engine winding up as it takes on the load. This is, of course, the inverter’s cooling system and shuts down soon after the load is removed. The air-conditioner’s fan-only setting runs well on the inverter but, of course, the compressor won’t start using this size system. It’s essential to keep in mind that, with any inverter system that feeds an entire camper, the “automatic” loads are turned off, like an RV refrigerator or 120-volt AC water heater. For example, on the fridge, keep it on manual and set for LP-gas, unless you want it on 110-volt AC or, in the case of a 3-way unit, 12-volt DC. If you leave these loads on your inverter, you’ll deplete your batteries in no time.
As far as cost is concerned, each Battle Born GC2 battery retails for around $1,200, the Go Power! Weekender ISW kit is about $1,700 online, the converter/charger is $170 online and we had about $300 in miscellaneous parts and components for the whole project. Copper wire is super expensive, and what we used in addition to the Go Power kit was worth about $75.
Being able to camp where we want, when we want? Priceless.
https://gpelectric.com
(866) 247-6527
Battle Born Batteries
https://battlebornbatteries.com/
(855) 292-2831